# A nonrealization theorem in the context of Descartes' rule of signs

 Заглавие A nonrealization theorem in the context of Descartes' rule of signs Вид публикация Journal Article Година на публикуване 2019 Автори Cheriha H, Gati Y, Kostov VPetrov Списание Annuaire de l’Université de Sofia “St. Kliment Ohridski”. Faculté de Mathématiques et Informatique Том 106 Start Page 25 Pagination 25-51 ISSN 1313-9215 (Print) 2603-5529 (Online) ключови думи Descartes' rule of signs, Real polynomials, sign pattern Резюме For a real degree $d$ polynomial $P$ with all nonvanishing coefficients, with $c$ sign changes and $p$ sign preservations in the sequence of its coefficients ($c+p=d$), Descartes' rule of signs says that $P$ has $pos\leq c$ positive and $neg\leq p$ negative roots, where $pos\equiv c($ mod $2)$ and $neg\equiv p($ mod $2)$. For $1\leq d\leq 3$, for every possible choice of the sequence of signs of coefficients of $P$ (called sign pattern) and for every pair $(pos, neg)$ satisfying these conditions there exists a polynomial $P$ with exactly $pos$ positive and $neg$ negative roots (all of them simple); that is, all these cases are realizable. This is not true for $d\geq 4$, yet for $4\leq d\leq 8$ (for these degrees the exhaustive answer to the question of realizability is known) in all nonrealizable cases either $pos=0$ or $neg=0$. It was conjectured that this is the case for any $d\geq 4$. For $d=9$, we show a counterexample to this conjecture: for the sign pattern $(+,-,-,-,-,+,+,+,+,-)$ and the pair $(1,6)$ there exists no polynomial with $1$ positive, $6$ negative simple roots and a complex conjugate pair and, up to equivalence, this is the only case for $d=9$. 2010 MSC Primary: 26C10; Secondary: 30C15
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